You can tell that MSS only indicates the data body’s size and doesn’t include the header. IP default Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is 576 bytes.Ideally, we want to select an MSS that maximizes the amount of data, minimizes the proportion of the header, and avoids further breaking down in the IP layer.īy default, MSS is 536 bytes. It is an expensive process, so we want to avoid it.īut how TCP determine the length? It is depending on Maximum Segment Size (MSS). In that case, IP layer will take responsibility for breaking the large segment into pieces. Suppose a TCP segment exceeds the length supported by the layers underneath. Next, the segment was wrapped by the IP layer, sent through the internet, and reach the server. TCP packaged them into a segment and attached a TCP header, marked in the yellow area. While byte 16–18 yet to reach the TCP layer, byte 12–15 is passed through it. The client’s HTTP layer is sending an 18-byte stream to the target server.
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